Vocabulary
Vocabulary of Photographs and Pamphlet About Nuclear Fallout
1.unleash
sentence: In August 1945 the United States unleashed a new weapon of mass destruction against the Japanese at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and brought an end to World War II.
meaning: to suddenly let a strong force, feeling etc have its full effect.
2.destruction
sentence: In August 1945 the United States unleashed a new weapon of mass destruction against the Japanese at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and brought an end to World War II.
meaning: the act or process of destroying something or of being destroyed.
3.atomic
sentence: Unlike conventional bombs, these new atomic bombs killed in two ways. They killed by sheer magnitude of the blast and the resulting firestorm, and they killed by means of nuclear fallout.
meaning: TPPM relating to the energy produced by splitting atoms or the weapons that use this energy.
4.magnitude
sentence: Unlike conventional bombs, these new atomic bombs killed in two ways. They killed by sheer magnitude of the blast and the resulting firestorm, and they killed by means of nuclear fallout.
meaning: the great size or importance of something.
5.monopoly
sentence: In 1945 the United States possessed a monopoly on this new dreadful weapon.
meaning: if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it.
6.exclusive
sentence: The exclusiveness was short-lived, however. In 1949 the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb.
meaning: an important or exciting story that is printed in only one newspaper, because that newspaper was the first to find out about it.
7. ideology
sentence: Although the United States and the Soviet Union had been wartime allies, by this time they had become peacetime enemies with conflicting ideologies and competing global interests.
meaning: a set of beliefs on which a political or economic system is based, or which strongly influence the way people behave.
8.embark
sentence: In an attempt to get or maintain an advantage in the power and numbers of nuclear weapons, both nations embarked on an arms race while at the same time preparing their citizens in the event that nuclear weapons were deployed.
meaning: to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a ship or plane.
9. explosion
sentence: These tests consisted of above-ground and below-ground explosions of nuclear devices.
meaning: a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces.
10.incremental
sentence: With each incremental increase in the level of hostility between the two superpowers, the need to develop and popularize civil defense procedures became more apparent.
meaning: increasing in amount or value gradually and by a regular amount.
Vocabulary of Sioux Treaty of 1868
1.wreak
sentence: Exploration and settlement of the western United States by Americans and Europeans wreaked havoc on the Indian peoples living there.
meaning: to cause a lot of damage or problems.
2. violently
sentence: In the 19th century the American drive for expansion clashed violently with the Native American resolve to preserve their lands, sovereignty, and ways of life.
meaning: with a lot of force in a way that is very difficult to control.
3. frontier
sentence: From the 1860s through the 1870s the American frontier was filled with Indian wars and skirmishes.
mening: the border of a country.
4. skirmish
sentence: From the 1860s through the 1870s the American frontier was filled with Indian wars and skirmishes.
meaning: a fight between small groups of soldiers, ships etc, especially one that happens away from the main part of a battle – used in news reports.
5. Condition
sentence: In 1865 a congressional committee began a study of the Indian uprisings and wars in the West, resulting in a Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes , which was released in 1867.
meaning: the situation in which people live or work, especially the physical things that affect the quality of their lives.
6. release
sentence: In 1865 a congressional committee began a study of the Indian uprisings and wars in the West, resulting in a Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes , which was released in 1867.
meaning: to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere.
7.reservation
sentence: The United States government set out to establish a series of Indian treaties that would force the Indians to give up their lands and move further west onto reservations.
meaning: an arrangement which you make so that a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc is kept for you at a particular time in the future.
8. exclusive
sentence: The Black Hills of Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the 1868 treaty, signed at Fort Laramie and other military posts in Sioux country, the United States recognized the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation, set aside for exclusive use by the Sioux people.
meaning: available or belonging only to particular people, and not shared.
9. demanding
sentence: Once gold was found in the Black Hills, miners were soon moving into the Sioux hunting grounds and demanding protection from the United States Army.
meaning: needing a lot of ability, effort, or skill.
10. accordance
sentence: Soon, the Army was ordered to move against wandering bands of Sioux hunting on the range in accordance with their treaty rights.
meaning: according to a rule, system etc.
Vocabulary of the Homestead Act of 1862
1. convince
Sentence: At a New Year’s Eve party the night before, Freeman met some local Land Office officials and convinced a clerk to open the office shortly after midnight in order to file a land claim.
Meaning: to make someone feel certain that something is true.
2.controversy
sentence: At the time of the Articles of Confederation, the major controversy related to land measurement and pricing.
meaning: a serious argument about something that involves many people and continues for a long time.
3.arbitrary
sentence: Early methods for allocating unsettled land outside the original 13 colonies were arbitrary and chaotic.
meaning: decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly.
4.chaotic
sentence: Early methods for allocating unsettled land outside the original 13 colonies were arbitrary and chaotic.
meaning: a chaotic situation is one in which everything is happening in a confused way.
5.geographical
sentence: Boundaries were established by stepping off plots from geographical landmarks.
meaning: relating to the place in an area, country etc where something or someone is geographical area/location/position.
6.implement
sentence: The Land Ordinance of 1785 finally implemented a standardized system of Federal land surveys that eased boundary conflicts.
meaning: to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen.
7.astronomical
sentence: Using astronomical starting points, territory was divided into a 6-mile square called a township prior to settlement.
meaning: relating to the scientific study of the stars.
8.revenue
sentence: Sale of public land was viewed as a means to generate revenue for the Government rather than as a way to encourage settlement.
meaning: money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services.
9.settlement
sentence: Sale of public land was viewed as a means to generate revenue for the Government rather than as a way to encourage settlement.
meaning: an official agreement or decision that ends an argument, a court case, or a fight, or the action of making an agreement.
10.insurmountable
sentence: The investment needed to purchase these large plots and the massive amount of physical labor required to clear the land for agriculture were often insurmountable obstacles.
meaning: an insurmountable difficulty or problem is too large or difficult to deal with.
Vocabulary of the Civil War
Outcome
Sentence: Documents held by the National Archives can aid in the understanding of the factors that influenced the eventual outcome of the War Between the States.
Meaning: the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc
Federal
Sentence: After the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860, the states of the southern United States broke away from the federal union that had existed since the ratification of the Constitution.
Meaning: relating to the central government of a country such as the US, rather than the government of one of its states
Ratification
Sentence: After the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860, the states of the southern United States broke away from the federal union that had existed since the ratification of the Constitution.
Meaning: to make a written agreement official by signing it
Secession
Sentence: Believing that Lincoln would restrict their rights to own slaves, Southerners decided that secession was a better choice than to give up their economic system and their way of life.
Meaning: when a country or state officially stops being part of another country and becomes independent
Withdrawal
Sentence: President Lincoln and the North opposed the South’s withdrawal;
Meaning: the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service
Valid
Sentence: the president steadfastly maintained throughout the war that the secession was illegal and that the newly formed Confederate States of America was not valid as a new nation to the world.
Meaning: a valid ticket, document, or agreement is legally or officially acceptable
Exploit
Sentence: Despite Lincoln’s hopes that the secession would end without conflict, the two regions fought a war that exploited the advantages and opportunities that each held over the other before their differences could be resolved.
Meaning: to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return
Potential
Sentence: Its population was several times that of the South, a potential source for military enlistees and civilian manpower.
Meaning: likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future
Manpower
Sentence: Its population was several times that of the South, a potential source for military enlistees and civilian manpower.
Meaning: all the workers available for a particular kind of work
Dominant
Sentence: At sea, the Union navy was more capable and dominant, while the army was better trained and better supplied.
Meaning: more powerful, important, or noticeable than other people or things
vocabulary of The Lewis and Clark Expedition
1.splendid
sentence: In 1803 President Thomas Jefferson guided a splendid piece of foreign diplomacy through the U.S. Senate: the purchase of Louisiana territory from France.
meaning: beautiful and impressive
2.intelligent
sentence: Jefferson chose his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, an intelligent and literate man who also possessed skills as a frontiersman. Lewis in turn solicited the help of William Clark, whose abilities as draftsman and frontiersman were even stronger.
meaning: An intelligent person has a high level of mental ability and is good at understanding ideas and thinking clearly.
3.literate
sentence: Jefferson chose his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, an intelligent and literate man who also possessed skills as a frontiersman. Lewis in turn solicited the help of William Clark, whose abilities as draftsman and frontiersman were even stronger.
meaning: able to read and write.
4.expedition
sentence: Lewis so respected Clark that he made him a co-commanding captain of the Expedition, even though Clark was never recognized as such by the government.
meaning: a long and carefully organized journey, especially to a dangerous or unfamiliar place, or the people that make this journey.
5.undertake
sentence: Together they collected a diverse military Corps of Discovery that would be able to undertake a two-year journey to the great ocean.
meaning: to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it.
6. penetrate
sentence: At the time, American and European explorers had only penetrated what would become each end of the Lewis and Clark Trail up the Missouri several miles to the trapper headquarters at Fort Mandan and up the Columbia just a bit over a hundred miles to a point a little beyond present-day Portland, Oregon.
meaning: to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult .
7. trapper
sentence: At the time, American and European explorers had only penetrated what would become each end of the Lewis and Clark Trail up the Missouri several miles to the trapper headquarters at Fort Mandan and up the Columbia just a bit over a hundred miles to a point a little beyond present-day Portland, Oregon.
meaning: someone who traps wild animals, especially for their fur.
8.upstream
sentence: That summer and fall the company of explorers paddled and pulled themselves upstream, northwest on the Missouri River to Fort Mandan, a trading post, where Corps of Discovery set up camp, wintered, and prepared for the journey to the Pacific.
meaning: along a river, in the opposite direction from the way the water is flowing .
9.additionally
sentence: Additionally, they recorded their contact with Indians and described (and at times drew) the shape of the landscape and the creatures of this western world, new to the white man.
meaning: in addition
10.portage
sentence: and spots where the Corps spent each night or camped or portaged for longer periods of time.
meaning: when people carry small boats over land from one river to another.
Vocabulary of the American Revolution
【Sentence】 〖Meaning〗
1. Colony 【Many factors contributed to the eventual success of the American colonies as they revolted against British rule.】 〖a country or area that is under the political control of a more powerful country, usually one that is far away.〗
2. Struggle 【American leadership, the timely support of international allies, and international respect and recognition played major roles in the struggle for independence.】 〖 a long hard fight to get freedom, political rights etc〗
3. Illustrate 【Several documents and engravings held by the National Archives help to illustrate these important factors that led to the founding of the United States.】 〖to make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples.〗
4. Frustration 【Before hostilities began, Americans tried to express their frustrations at being treated differently from other British citizens of the king’s empire.】 〖the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something.〗
5. Ignore 【Such pleas were ignored by the king and his Privy Council.】 〖to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about.〗
6. Attempt 【In April 1775, British forces under General Thomas Gage attempted to march from Boston to the nearby villages of Lexington and Concord, in order to seize supplies that the colonials had stored there for their local militiamen, known as Minutemen.】 〖to try to do something, especially something difficult.〗
7. Strategic 【Ticonderoga was a major control point overlooking a strategic lake that could be used to transport goods.】 〖done as part of a plan, especially in a military, business, or political situation.〗
8. Dislodge 【The Battle of Bunker Hill encouraged American patriotism when, in June, American rebels seized a point of high ground in Boston and forced the British to attempt to dislodge them.】 〖to make someone leave a place or lose a position of power.〗
9. Casualty 【The British took enormous casualties, but eventually took the hill when the Americans ran out of ammunition and powder.】 〖someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or war.〗
10. Delegate 【In the end, the delegates at Philadelphia drafted the Declaration of Independence in mid-1776, stating their objections to British rule and reasons why they should now become independent.】 〖someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group .〗
